Twin Sisters Survive a Lethal Bond, Then Laser Surgery, in the Womb

One year after a specialized fetal procedure at the University of Michigan saved identical twins, the girls celebrated their first Christmas at home.

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Author | Beata Mostafavi


Before they were even born, twin sisters Zonabelle and Patricia Moore shared a physical bond so strong it almost killed them.

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Today, a year after a highly specialized fetal procedure at University of Michigan Von Voigtlander Women's Hospital saved their lives, the toddlers are on to sharing better things: the same hue of bright blue eyes, a distinct baby babble only they understand, and a love for Mickey Mouse Clubhouse.

And they recently prepared for another big milestone — the holidays at home.

'Bracing for the worst'

Scott and Jennifer Moore, of Saginaw, had been hoping to give their son, Alexander, a sibling for some time. They were thrilled when Jennifer learned she was pregnant in May 2015.

Then the ultrasound revealed their family would be growing more than they thought.

"The doctor told us, 'There's another one in there.' Surprise. Twins," Jennifer says. "We were blown away."

But during the second trimester of pregnancy, the expectant parents learned heartbreaking news. The baby girls were in two separate sacs but shared one placenta. Instead of getting equal amounts of blood and nutrition, one had become a blood donor to the other.

This rare condition, known as twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome, meant one of the babies was receiving too much blood, making extra urine and therefore swimming in an ocean of fluid. Her organs were strained, causing her heart to work overtime and eventually fail. She did not have much time to live.

Meanwhile, the other baby had given away so much blood that her kidneys stopped working and making urine. Without amniotic fluid around her, she was compressed in her sac as if shrink-wrapped inside the womb.

Doctors don't know why this condition affects 10 to 15 percent of shared placenta pregnancies. Without intervention, the babies had a more than 90 percent chance of dying.

The Moores were referred to U-M for help. Jennifer was immediately seen at the Michigan Fetal Diagnosis and Treatment Center, the only center for in utero fetal therapy in Michigan and surrounding states and among roughly 20 in the country. The fetal therapy team is qualified to use highly specialized laser ablation to destroy erroneous blood connections in the shared placenta in twin-twin transfusion cases.

"In the best-case scenario, we would save both of our girls. But there was also a chance we could lose both," Jennifer says.

"I was just numb. As far as we knew, they had been doing perfectly up until then, so to suddenly hear that your babies might die ... it was like getting our hearts ripped out."

The Moores' case was dire. As the twin receiving too much blood, Zonabelle's tiny heart was already failing.

"We were bracing for the worst but had to hold on to hope because we had no other choice," Jennifer says. "We had complete trust in our Michigan doctors and couldn't have asked for a better team. We felt safe and knew this was our best option to save our daughters."

SEE ALSO: Identical 5-Year-Old Twins with Identical Cancers

Just days after the diagnosis in September 2015, a team led by U-M maternal-fetal medicine specialist Deborah Berman, M.D., inserted an instrument the size of a pinky nail into Jennifer's abdomen, through her uterus, and into Zonabelle's amniotic sac. The tiny incision let in a camera allowing Berman to map out the improper blood connections.

Then, using laser therapy with the same instrument, Berman disconnected the more than 30 blood vessels causing the mixed up wiring. She then removed the extra amniotic fluid engulfing Zonabelle.

"I always tell people it's a teeny incision with a huge job," says Berman, who is also the head of the U-M Complicated Monochorionic and Twin-to-Twin Transfusion Program. "In this case, both of the babies were incredibly sick and the condition was in its most progressive stage, Stage 4. We had very little time to intervene."

Then came the agonizing wait. Such a massive, abrupt disruption can be too much for some babies to tolerate, and Zonabelle, now nicknamed Zoey, was especially fragile.

"I was patting my belly telling them, 'You can do it,'" Jennifer remembers.

"It was very emotional," says Scott, the longtime business owner of Galaxy Comics on State Street in Saginaw. "You just think about all of those life moments ... life moments you could miss."

The next day, Berman did the highly anticipated ultrasound. Both babies survived the massive surgery. Fluid had returned to Patricia's amniotic sac, her kidneys and bladder again showing up on the images. Zoey's heartbeat was starting to bounce back.

"In 24 hours, they made such an amazing turnaround," Jennifer says. "If I could find words for that moment I would. It still leaves me speechless."

The girls visiting Santa Claus before Christmas 2016.

After the procedure

Zoey and Patricia, now known as Tricia, were born premature at 26 weeks, which happens in about 30 percent of twin-to-twin transfusion cases involving laser therapy intervention. In the other 70 percent of successful cases, babies go on closer to the planned due date.

SEE ALSO: 'Superhero' Brothers Bonded by Rare XMEN Disease

At about 2 1/2 pounds, the identical twins each spent roughly 90 days in the hospital, much of it in the neonatal intensive care unit at University of Michigan C.S. Mott Children's Hospital and some back at their local hospital in Saginaw, where they spent Christmas 2015.

There, only Tricia was healthy enough for a photo with Santa. They finally came home in late January 2016 but continued to need oxygen support until June.

By their first birthday in October, "no one could even tell" the girls had traveled such a treacherous path, Jennifer says. They celebrated with a large group of family and friends — many seeing the girls in person for the first time — with a butterfly party theme that represented their extraordinary journey.

Today, the toddlers hold hands when they eat, enjoy pears and banana biscuits, and adore Alexander, who at age 3 1/2 is often spotted showing them his games and kissing their foreheads to comfort them.

For Christmas, the girls had stockings with their names hanging over the fireplace. Their parents planned a relaxing day of cuddles, naps and "keeping them from trying to eat the wrapping paper."

"We didn't think we'd ever have a normal life. We thought it was over," Jennifer says. "Someday, we will tell them their story. How hard they fought to be here. How lucky we were to have the phenomenal team at Michigan devoted to saving their lives.

"We were so close to never meeting them. Every single day will be special to us."


More Articles About: Children's Health CS Mott Children's Hospital obstetrics Hospitals & Centers High-Risk Pregnancy
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